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United States legislation introduced later, such as the National Timing Resilience and Security Act of 2017, proposed resurrecting Loran. In December 2015 in the United States there was also renewed discussion of funding an eLoran system, and NIST offered to fund development of a microchip-sized eLoran receiver for distribution of timing signals. At the end of 2015, navigation chains in most of Europe were turned off. Several other chains remained active some were upgraded for continued use. In 2010 the Canadian systems were shut down, along with Loran-C/CHAYKA stations shared with Russia. Discussions about the future of Loran-C began in the 1990s several turn-off dates were announced, then cancelled. The introduction of civilian satellite navigation in the 1990s led to a rapid drop-off in Loran-C use. The Soviet Union operated a nearly identical system, CHAYKA. Loran-C became one of the most common and widely used navigation systems for large areas of North America, Europe, Japan and the entire Atlantic and Pacific areas. Low-cost and easy-to-use Loran-C units became common from the late 1970s, especially in the early 1980s, and the earlier LORAN system was discontinued in favor of installing more Loran-C stations around the world. The disadvantage was the expense of the equipment needed to interpret the signals, which meant that Loran-C was used primarily by militaries after it was introduced in 1957.īy the 1970s the cost, weight and size of electronics needed to implement Loran-C had been dramatically reduced due to the introduction of solid-state electronics and, from the mid-1970s, early microcontrollers to process the signal. Loran-C combined two different techniques to provide a signal that was both long-range and highly accurate, features that were formerly incompatible. Loran-C is a hyperbolic radio navigation system that allows a receiver to determine its position by listening to low frequency radio signals transmitted by fixed land-based radio beacons. Loran-C sound as received on AM receiver at 100 kHz